Comparing the Treatment Outcomes of Absorbable Sutures, Nonabsorbable Sutures, and Tissue Adhesives in Cleft Lip Repair: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the literature and synthesize the available reports for the best possible option between absorbable, nonabsorbable, and tissue adhesives in cleft lip skin closure. DESIGN: We conducted systematic searches for randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials in PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and OpenGrey databases. Identified studies were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. All statistical analyses were done with Revman, version 5.4. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention considered in this systematic review were techniques of cleft lip repair using resorbable sutures, nonabsorbable sutures, medical adhesives, or any combination of these. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes assessed in the trials had to include any combination of the following: wound healing cosmesis and wound healing complications. While secondary outcomes considered were quality of life, direct and indirect costs to patients and health services, and participant satisfaction. RESULTS: Only 6 studies met all inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative analysis. A more favorable wound healing cosmesis was seen when nonabsorbable suture was used in cleft lip repair compared to absorbable sutures and tissue adhesives (CI, 0.65-4.35). This advantage was overshadowed by the significantly higher prevalence of postoperative complications when nonabsorbable sutures are used. CONCLUSION: Although the results point to more favorable cosmesis with nonabsorbable sutures and an overall more favorable outcome with either absorbable sutures or tissue adhesives, the 6 selected studies were assessed at an unclear risk of bias; therefore, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution and regarded as low-certainty evidence.

Genomic analyses in African populations identify novel risk loci for cleft palate.

Orofacial clefts are common developmental disorders that pose significant clinical, economical and psychological problems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses for cleft palate only (CPO) and cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) with ~17 million markers in sub-Saharan Africans. After replication and combined analyses, we identified novel loci for CPO at or near genome-wide significance on chromosomes 2 (near CTNNA2) and 19 (near SULT2A1). In situ hybridization of Sult2a1 in mice showed expression of SULT2A1 in mesenchymal cells in palate, palatal rugae and palatal epithelium in the fused palate. The previously reported 8q24 was the most significant locus for CL/P in our study, and we replicated several previously reported loci including PAX7 and VAX1.

Correlates of illness behaviour related to orofacial infections of odontogenic origin among adults in a semi urban community in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Infections of facial spaces in the maxillofacial region occur in most cases as a complication of odontogenic infections. It often results in substantial morbidity, with serious and potentially life threatening outcomes if allowed to progress without prompt medical attention. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that determine illness behaviour related to maxillofacial space infections. METHOD: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of adult residents of pakoto community, Ifo local government area, Ogun state. The study was conducted using an interviewer administered questionnaire which included key information about respondents' awareness of predisposing factors of maxillofacial space infections; common actions taken with regards to treatment, and the factors that influenced their utilization of the available oral health care service. RESULTS: A total of 187 individuals were sampled, mean age was 30.5(SD 11.7) years with majority being females (59.4%) The proportion of the total respondents who reported a history suggestive of orofacial space infection was 20.3% (n=38). Visiting a patent medicine dealer (26.3%) along with visiting a dentist (31.6%) were the illness behaviours most frequently engaged in by respondents who have had an orofacial swelling following a toothache, with majority (73.7%) indicating the action they took was based on what was most convenient. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that engagement in unorthodox practises by individuals in a semi-urban community studied is prevalent, and influenced by factors such as age, gender, level of education and occupation. FUNDING: None.

Oral health status and treatment needs of in-patients of a Nigerian psychiatric hospital

Objective: Mental disorders have been reported to increase the risk to neglect of oral care. The objective of this study was to determine the oral health and treatment needs of psychiatric in-patients and compare with non-psychiatric patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos. A structured questionnaire was administered by investigators to the two groups of participants case group (psychiatric patient) and the control group (dental patient with no psychiatric history). This included mini international neuropsychiatry interview (M.IN.I)questionnaire to ascertain the diagnoses. Other information sought included missing teeth, retained teeth, carious teeth and tooth wear lesions were noted during oral examination. Results: A total of 167 participants were seen (81 were in the control group and 86 in the case group). Age range was from 18-90 years. The mean age was 41.44±14.98 years. All the participants (2.99%) with retained root were in case group. The majority (52.3%) of the participants in case group were dentate (p=0.001). The control group had the highest proportion of participants with good oral hygiene (p= 0.09). Carious teeth (p =0.33) and the number of teeth affected by tooth wear lesion were found to more in the case group (p= 0.02).Conclusion: Psychiatric patients had poor oral health compared to non-psychiatric patients. There was also a higher restorative and surgical treatment need in psychiatric patients